His materialist conception of history is, rather, an attempt to explain all ideas, whether political, religious, or ethical, as the product of the particular economic stage that society has. The field of ethics or moral philosophy involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. Muel kaptein is professor of business ethics and integrity. He did not deal directly with the ethical issues that occupied the philosophers so far discussed. It provides a critical framework for considering moral issues concerning informational privacy. Practical ethics article about practical ethics by the free. Encyclopedia of ethics kindle edition by becker, lawrence c. Ethic definition is the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation. Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics internet archive. Includes wellwritten, informative articles on virtually all aspects of business ethics from the role of trust in business relationships to definitions and examples of different kinds of conflicts of interest that arise in business practice. The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong. The name generally given to the science of moral philosophy.
From plato onward, moral philosophers have concerned themselves with practical. One of james hastings greatest and most complete compilations of religious and historical information, the encyclopaedia of religion and ethics vols. Ethics was made into a separate discipline by aristotle. Property rights versus utilitarian ethics springerlink. In 2010 it published seven volumes volumes 91 to 97 and 39 separate issues, each containing several articles. Marx was often portrayed by his followers as a scientist rather than a moralist.
For example, victimless crimes such as prostitution, polygamy, and ingesting marijuana or hard drugs does not violate anyones rights, but. Increase your learning and knowledge with britannica encyclopedia 2016 for 3264. Ethics article about ethics by the free dictionary. Congratulations to everyone on this achievement, and thanks to you for your participation in this monumental project. Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading encyclopedia of ethics. The term ethics derives from the ancient greek word ethikos, which is derived from the word.
The history of western ethics encyclopedia britannica. The blackwell encyclopedic dictionary of business ethics. As in uential philosophical theories imply that the meaning of terms is. The most striking development in the study of ethics since the mid1960s was the growth of interest among philosophers in practical, or applied, ethics i.
Encyclopedia britannica 2018 free download for pc xenoforest. Philosophers today usually divide ethical theories into three general subject areas. Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. Even as we contend with the travails of daily life, we are constantly confronted with issues of moral import. The editors, working with a team of 325 renowned authorities in the field of ethics, have revised, expanded and updated this classic encyclopedia. Ethics or moral philosophy is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. His book the prince 15 offered advice to rulers as to what they must do to achieve their aims and secure their power. Life, meaning of the international encyclopedia of ethics. Ethics medical definition merriamwebster medical dictionary. This is a key reference book for anyone interested in business ethics. The encyclopedia of applied ethics, second edition addresses both the physiological and the psychological aspects of human behavior.
Its entries discuss topics, movements, arguments, and figures in normative ethics, metaethics, and practical ethics. Inherently interdisciplinary in scope, the field benefits from the contributions of professionals outside philosophy, including physicians, lawyers, scientists, and. Ethical issues raised by abortion and euthanasia are part of the subject matter of bioethics, which deals with the ethical dimensions of new developments in medicine and the biological sciences. This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. I consider the determination of the will as an effect. Carefully crafted, well written, and thoroughly indexed, the encyclopedia helps users whether they are students just beginning formal study of the broad field or specialists in a branch of psychology understand the field and how and why humans behave as we do. This chapter compares and contrasts utilitarian ethics and rightsbased ethics. These applications are an extension of the meaning of ethics. Normative ethics, that branch of moral philosophy, or ethics, concerned with criteria of what is right and wrong. In earlier usage, the term referred not to morality itself but to the field of study, or branch of inquiry. Dear contributors to the international encyclopedia of ethics, we have now reached an important milestone on the road to completing the international encyclopedia of ethics iee. Greek and graecoroman ethics 810 the age of the sophists. Encyclopedia britannica has been providing knowledge to the people for more than 200.
Entry for ethics 1911 encyclopedia britannica one of 8 bible encyclopedias freely available, this resource contained over 40 million words in nearly 40,000 articles written by 1,500 respected authors. It includes the formulation of moral rules that have implications for what human actions, institutions, and ways of life should be like. Ethics machiavelli britannica encyclopedia britannica. Covering a wealth of topics on the ethics of health professions, animal research, population control and the environment, the set helps researchers to consider the impact of new scientific knowledge and its potential to harm or benefit present and future generations. Encyclopaedia britannica and mcgrawhill encyclopedia of science and.
This edition is a complete revision of the dartmouth medalwinning set first published in 1995. Ethics, the name generally given to the science of moral philosophy. But a description of what acts or what ends of action men in the present or the past call, or have called, good or bad is clearly beyond human powers. Maynard pirsig also published the definition of legal ethics, in encyclopedia britannica, 1974. This effect must have a cause which had the power to produce it. The britannica guide to ethics encyclopedia britannica. For further study ethics appears in linda pastans sixth volume of poetry, waiting for my life 1981, a title that hints at the tensions for which the new yorkborn poet is best known.
Ethics applied ethics britannica encyclopedia britannica. Each person strives for rectitude as they understand it, while working within the accepted values of a larger group dynamic. The name of the britannica service to which the request applies. Utilitarianism, in normative ethics, a tradition stemming from the late 18th and 19thcentury english philosophers and economists jeremy bentham and john stuart mill according to which an action is right if it tends to promote happiness and wrong if it tends to produce the reverse of happiness. Where other branches of western philosophy seek to comprehend universal truths that often seem far. The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy organizes scholars from around the world in philosophy and related disciplines to create and maintain an uptodate. This works when all people agree that peace is very important. Ethics simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Table of contents stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. For convenience in reference, the arrangement followed in this article may be explained at the outset. The branch of philosophy axiology comprises the sub. The international encyclopedia of ethics is the most comprehensive, authoritative print and electronic ethics resource available. Britannica stresses that fake news is generated by web sites posing as legitimate. Pdf in a recent contribution to conceptual ethics, joshua habgoodcoote argues that philosophers.
The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology. Discussions of meaningful lives frequently deal with, among others, lives that have to them high degrees of worth, lives focused on goals or purposes that people ought to pursue, or lives that relate to plans and issues that are beyond ones own individual self. Ethics 1911 encyclopedia britannica bible encyclopedia. Other leading journals also date from this period, with business ethics quarterly appearing in 1991, and business ethics. He placed ethics between the doctrine of the soul, or psychology, and the doctrine of the state, or politics. Finding a need for a massive collection of this nature with the expansion of knowledge in the twentiethcentury, hastings. Black well publishing, 20 5150 5160 17 detailed indication of why it is a value, and comprehensive guidelines that explain when. If the person was the cause of that determination of his own will, he was free in that action, and it is justly imputed to him, whether. Information ethics has been defined as the branch of ethics that focuses on the relationship between the creation, organization, dissemination, and use of information, and the ethical standards and moral codes governing human conduct in society. It is usually contrasted with theoretical ethics and applied ethics. Ethics and morality are often used to mean the same thing. Information ethics definition by babylons free dictionary. Its subject consists of fundamental issues of practical decision making, and its major concerns include the nature of ultimate value and the standards by which human actions can be morally evaluated. Similar studies for specific professions include bioethics and legal ethics.
Maynard pirsig, published one of the first course books on legal ethics, cases and materials on legal ethics, 1949, later cases and materials on the standards of the legal profession, 1957, and cases and materials on professional responsibility, 1965. Encyclopedia britannica, leading a principled existence demands both grappling with questions whose answers are frequently unclear and examining the values that we most vigorously defend. Wikimedia commons has media related to christian ethics subcategories. With encyclopedia britannica for windows you can access to the full article substance of the one hundred top articles, the full article substance of the highlighted day by day article, the full article substance of the included this day article, the this day area, and the britannica link map.
Ethics bioethics britannica encyclopedia britannica. Encyclopedia britannica, ethics is the business of moral philosophy by which humans try to determine what behaviors are right and wrong. Ethics matters because 1 it is part of how many groups define themselves and thus part of the identity of their individual members, 2 otherregarding values in most ethical systems both reflect and foster close human relationships and mutual respect and trust, and 3 it could be rational for a selfinterested person to be moral, because his or her selfinterest is arguably best. Thinkers and theories in ethics and inventions that changed the modern world.
Sep 03, 2019 a not uncommon definition of ethics as the science of conduct is inexact for various reasons. Lambert zuidervaart advance directives agnieszka jaworska aegidius romanus see giles of rome. By talking about ethics, people hope to get what they want without being violent. Ethics, the philosophical discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong. Ethics the catholic encyclopedia bible encyclopedia. Examples include two general workssalems threevolume ethics 1994 and the encyclopedia of ethics facts on file, 1999, which serves as a basic introduction to the subjectand the more specialized fourvolume encyclopedia of applied ethics academic, 1998. Discussing ethics can also be a way to stop people fighting or starting a war. Although the renaissance did not produce any outstanding moral philosophers, there is one writer whose work is of some importance in the history of ethics. General ethics expounds and verifies the general principles and concepts of the moral order. Ethics, history of the term ethics is used in three different but related ways, signifying 1 a general pattern or way of life, 2 a set of rules of conduct or moral code, and 3 inquiry about ways of life and rules of conduct.
1490 1212 855 539 440 375 1491 203 263 1313 720 334 315 1548 1053 1452 329 1301 417 377 1038 1378 304 105 1457 901 723 1149 79 757 437 754 1516 1421 827 623 1460 1377 839 1061 1263 476 145 161 630 1448 1104 311 1088